ww2 fiat aircraft

Ww2 Fiat Aircraft - In the 30s, Fiat Aviation was one of the most advanced aircraft manufacturers in Europe. As the new technology became relevant, it became clear that the next phase of development in the aviation industry, particularly military aviation, would center around all-metal monoplanes. Chief Designer of Fiat, Eng. C. Rosatelli designed the composite biplane and all-metal bomber. Demand for a modern, all-metal fighter plane was high, so Fiat officials decided to hire a young aeronautical engineer named Giuseppe Gabrielli, who would later design the first operational Italian all-metal fighter plane, the Freesia.

The history of the Fiat G.50 begins in 1931, when Fiat created a new aircraft engineering office - Department 2 (Ufficio Tecnico Aviazione - Divisione II). The main task of this office is to design and build a completely new type of modern all-metal machinery. In the same year, Senator Angeli, president of Fiat, appointed a young Italian engineer, Giuseppe Gabrielli, to the technical office. Giuseppe Gabrielli had some experience in aircraft design while working at Piaggio. When he moved to Fiat, he immediately began working on several non-military aircraft projects. All his projects were marked with a capital G, his initials. First the G.2, an all-metal, three-engine plane, then the G.8 biplane trainer, then the twin-engine G.18 passenger plane.

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In the 30s, the Italian Ministry of Aviation (Ministero dell Aeronautica) was interested in introducing a new, all-metal monoplane fighter and ground attack aircraft to the Italian Air Force. Some of the requirements of their request: use at least two 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) heavy machine guns and a minimum of 300 rounds and a 0.7-inch (20 mm) cannon or a single radial machine with 1.45-inch (1.45-inch) weapons. 37 mm) gun. Equipment for guns and bombs on the ground attacker. A request has been sent to all domestic aircraft manufacturers. Several proposals were received in response, but only the G.50 and Macchi C.200 were selected for production. Others were abandoned (Ro.51 and A.U.T. 18) or built in limited numbers, such as the Caproni F.5.

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To solve the problem of insufficient combat design, Fiat officials even considered obtaining a license for American Seversky SEV-3 production, but nothing came of this. In April 1935, Giuseppe Gabrielli began work on a new low-wing, all-metal aircraft called the G.50. According to his first plans and drawings, it was armed with two machine guns powered by 550 hp radial engines (39 in/1 m diameter) weighing 3,395 lb (1,540 kg). and equipped with retractable landing gear. At the same time, Fiat was testing the new FIAT A 74 RC 38 14-cylinder radial piston engine, so Giuseppe Gabrielli decided to use it in his work. The A 74 was essentially a direct copy of the American Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp, which powered several American aircraft including the Douglas C-47, Consolidated PBY Catalina, Douglas TBD Devastator and Grumman F4F Wildcat. With this new engine the expected speed of the G.50 was 285 mph (460 km/h) at 3,500 m.

On September 28, 1935, Gabrielli submitted his plan to the Ministry of Aviation. Army officials are impressed with the design, but ask for some changes. These include a length of 36 ft 1 in (11 m), a weight of 2,210 kg and a top speed of 280 mph (452 ​​km/h). Assault armament was changed to two 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) heavy machine guns, and two 0.3-inch (7.7 mm) machine guns were placed in the wings. In addition, the G.50 was designed to carry 220 lb (100 kg) of bombs or, if required, additional 23.5 gal (90 L) fuel tanks.

In January 1936, the Air Ministry reversed its original request and instead decided to focus solely on the combat role. The Ministry of Aviation wanted to speed up the development of the new fighter, and the proposed ground attack role was rejected. As a result, the bomb was no longer considered necessary, and the main armament was reduced to two 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) machine guns of 150 rounds each. The most important requirement is that the new fighter has better flight performance.

Despite these changes, Fiat officials decided to continue with the G.50 project. Due to Fiat's increased production capacity, work on this new project was transferred from 1931 to the CMASA factory in Marina di Pisa, part of Fiat. Giuseppe Gabrielli completed his final drawings and list of required materials and equipment in June 1936. The final drawings showed that the armament was reduced to two heavy machine guns without a bomb load, and the aircraft would be powered by a new A 74 c/n engine.

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Production of the first working prototype was scheduled to begin in the late summer of 1936. The prototype was finally completed in early 1937 and taken to the city of Turin for further testing. The prototype, registration number MM 334, made its maiden test flight on 26 February 1937. Piloted by CMASA test pilot Giovannico di Briganti. During initial testing, the pilot found several deficiencies and potential problems with the G.50. He particularly emphasized the strong vibrations during flight and the tendency of the aircraft to roll.

On 22 June 1937, the G.50 prototype was transferred to Marina di Pisa for testing and modifications. After these modifications were made, the prototype was sent to the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force) Experimental Flight Center near Rome. There, the G.50 prototype was tested by several military pilots. They noted that the controls were difficult to work at high speeds and lacked climbing ability. Before the final mass production line, Giuseppe Gabrielli was asked to solve these problems. For this reason, another prototype called MM 335 was made.

The second prototype made its first flight on October 20, 1937. After several successful flight tests, a crash occurred. On November 11th (or 8th, depending on the source) of 1937, while flying the second prototype at high speed, test pilot Briganti lost control of his aircraft and crashed. He did not survive the accident. He was replaced by new Chief Test Pilot Enzio Guerrera.

A combination of mishaps and poor performance that did not meet expectations and the superior overall performance of the Macchi C.200 threatened to shut down the G.50 project. But since the CMASA factories were already producing a series of 45 G.50s, it was considered a waste of resources to reject or scrap the tooling required to build an already produced G.50. Fiat took too long to produce the Macchi C.200, another reason why the project continued. The Air Ministry decided to continue production of the G.50, but demanded that the company correct the engine's defects during production. The first 11 of the 45 ordered were used for other tests. Two engines, MM 3357 and 335, were recovered and rebuilt prototypes, sent to the test center in Rome. Seven people were detained at Pisa S.Giusto Airport and checked there. Pilots Guevara, Rolandi and Gus tested both MM 3570 and 3571. The trials were held in Turin. Their main objective was to explore possible changes to the G.50 design. Preliminary tests indicated that the fully enclosed cockpit would need to be replaced prior to production and that a new design was necessary. This closed cockpit had several drawbacks that pilots often complained about. The closed cockpit was difficult to open (especially in an emergency), was made of low-quality Plexiglas that was prone to cracking, provided poor visibility, and sometimes exhaust fumes accumulated in the cockpit, forcing pilots to fly with the cockpit open. After some trials and modifications, it was decided to use a partially enclosed cockpit. This solution was not perfect and was inconvenient for pilots. Nevertheless, it was decided that all future aircraft would be built with an open cockpit only. A new start system, a better undercarriage locking system, and the addition of a new oxygen mask for high-altitude flying were among the changes deemed most necessary.

Fiat G.50 In Independent State Of Croatia Service

The G.50 was first presented to the public in October 1937 at the Milan International Air Show. Between 1937 and 1940, when production switched to the upgraded version, around 224 G.50s were built.

G.50 Freccia, Italian Arrow, single-seat, low-wing, all-metal fighter. The main frame consists of 17 metal frames consisting of four angular spans. The wing structure consisted of a central section

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